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Introduction/History What Is Afro Beat? Afro beat is a combination of traditional Yoruba music, jazz, highlife, funk, and chanted vocals, fused together with percussion and voice styles, which started in Africa in the 1960’s. Afro beat features chants, call response voices, and complex interacting rhythms. Afro beat originated from the southern part of Nigeria in the 1960s. Where kuti had experimented with many different forms of contemporary music, at the time.  The main creator of afro beat is, Nigerian multi – instrumentalist and band leader, Fela Kula. He is the one who gave it it’s name who used it to revolutionize musical structure as well as the political context in his native Nigeria The term “afrobeat” was first coined by Fela Kuti.  This music is fairly new, beginning in the 1960s. Although it is relevantly new, afrobeat has expanded it's horizons significantly during the past 50 years to point where we even have artists like NSG (orginal text) wh...

Books: Women and Music in Cross-Cultural Perspective By Ellen Koskoff Greenwood Press, 1987 Gender Politics and MTV: Voicing the Difference By Lisa A. Lewis Temple University Press, 1990  The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism, Capitalism, Sovietism and Fascism by George Bernard Shaw, 1928 Saint Joan of Arc  by Vita Sackville-West, 1936 The Bluest Eye  by Toni Morrison,1970  Bridging the Gap between Black women and White Women  by Midge Wilson and Kathy Russell, 1996  Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism  (Paperback format)  -    published 1981 Women & Music: A History PUBLISHER:   Indiana University Press , 2001 (2nd edition) I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by   Maya Angelou  -  Published November 1993 by Bantam  The Beauty Myth by   Naomi Wolf  -  Published September 24th 2002 by Harper Perennial  For within living structures defined by p...

Moonlight tells a story of a black boy across three distinct life stages. Played by Alex Hibbert, Ashton Sanders and Trevante Rhodes, a black male growing up in a tough neighbourhood with the added pressures of unstable and needy crackhead mother and he also has  growing awareness of his own homosexuality. Chiron suffers both physically and psychologically at the hands of both his mother and his classmates, with only the comfort of a local drug dealer and his wife to help me out. In addition, we watch a  a playful, secretive relationship with a fellow classmate grow. The audience witnesses Chiron evolving from a small, sensitive, almost mute boy, to a weedy, conflicted teen to a surprisingly different kind of adult, and it’s up to the individual opinion of the viewer whether the trajectory of this life journey is a positive or a problematic. The film is heartbreaking to the audience on many different levels, but has wonderful moments within it such as the swimming ...

There are many low-angled , close up shots i n hip hop videos, to imply the artists’ power over their audience. The low angle gives them the power, because they look down on the audience and the close up gives status because it implies they’re important enough to have a frame to themselves.  there are many two shots of Nsg performing, whilst a woman stands irrelevantly next to him. There are four of these in the space of one minute, which are used to indicate how appealing and desired the male artists are, something which is meant to suggest status. This also represents women as irrelevant and meaningless. In hip hop music videos, a crowd is usually shown dancing or bouncing their arms in time to the beat of the song. This gives credibility to the song/artist, because it shows that people do like the song, which makes it easier for the audience to like the song.  In addition, the music video featuring the low angled shots emphasises  the movement of male b...

http://www.thefader.com/2017/04/26/jae5-interview-j-hus-producer-did-you-see-common-sense https://www.theodysseyonline.com/sexual-objectification-women-music-videos https://medium.com/@moni_ach/objectification-of-women-in-hip-hop-music-videos-8c37489ceb7f http://www.news24.com/MyNews24/Women-objectified-in-music-videos-20130802 Sometimes in music videos, the woman’s face is not shown. Instead, her body becomes a showpiece and is put on display. It depicts her as not having an identity or a sense of individualism thus, reinforcing her role as a sex symbol.   “Women’s bodies are often dismembered and treated as separate parts, perpetuating the concept that a woman’s body is not connected to her mind and emotions,” states the sociologist, Erving Goffman in his book, Gender Advertisements. For example, certain body parts like the woman’s breast, her buttocks or her legs would be emphasised. This relates to the notion of sexism with reference to cantin...